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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Brazil
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1992-09-03
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Federative Republic of (Republica Federativa
do Brasil) area 8,511,965 sq km/3,285,618 sq
mi capital Brasilia towns Sao Paulo, Belo
Horizonte, Curitiba, Manaus Fortaleza; ports
are Rio de Janeiro, Belem, Recife, Porto
Alegre, Salvador physical the densely
forested Amazon basin covers the N half of
the country with a network of rivers; the S
is fertile; enormous energy resources, both
hydroelectric (Itaipu dam on the Parana, and
Tucurui on the Tocantins) and nuclear
(uranium ores) features One-third of the
world's tropical rainforest is in Brazil
which has a greater variety of flowering
plants than any other country in the world.
head of state and government Fernando Affonso
Collor de Mello from 1989 political system
emergent democratic federal republic
political parties Social Democratic Party
(PDS), moderate left-of-centre; Brazialian
Democratic Movement Party (PMDB),
centre-left; Liberal Front Party (PFL),
moderate left-of-centre; Workers' Party,
left-of-centre; National Reconstruction Party
(PRN), centre-right exports coffee, sugar,
cotton, textiles, motor vehicles, iron,
chrome, manganese, tungsten and other ores,
as well as quartz crystals, industrial
diamonds, timber, soybeans currency cruzado
(introduced 1986; value = 100 cruzeiros, the
former unit) (44.13 = 1 Feb 1990) population
(1988) 144,262,000 (including 200,000
Indians, survivors of 5 million, especially
in Rondonia and Mato Grosso, mostly living on
reserves); annual growth rate 2.2% life
expectancy men 61, women 66 language
Portuguese; 120 Indian languages religion
Roman Catholic 89%, Indian faiths literacy
79% male/76% female (1985 est) GDP $218 bn
(1984); $1,523 per head of population
chronology 1822 Independent achieved from
Portugal, ruled by Dom Pedro, son of the
refugee King John VI of Portugal. 1889
Monarchy abolished and republic established.
1891 Constitution for a federal state
adopted.
1930 Dr Getulio Vargas became president. 1945
Vargas deposed by the military. 1946 New
constitution adopted.
1950 Vargas returned to office.
1954 Vargas committed suicide.
1956 Juscelino Kubitschek became president.
1960 Capital moved to Brasilia.
1961 Joao Goulart became president. 1964
Bloodless coup made Gen Castelo Branco
president. He assumed dictatorial powers,
abolishing free political parties. 1967 New
constitution adopted. Branco succeeded by
Marshal da Costa e Silva.
1969 Da Costa e Silva resigned and a military
junta took over.
1974 Gen Ernesto Geisel became president.
1978 Gen Baptista de Figueiredo became
president.
1979 Political parties legalized again. 1984
Mass calls for a return to fully
democratic government.
1985 Tancredo Neves became first civilian
president in 21 years. Neves died and was
succeeded by the vice-president, Jose Sarney.
1988 New constitution approved, transferring
power from the president to the congress.
Measures announced to halt large-scale
burning of Amazonian rainforest for cattle
grazing. 1989 Forest Protection Service and
Ministry for Land Reform abolished.
International concern over how much of the
Amazon has been burned. Fernando Color (PRN)
elected president Dec, pledging free-market
economic policies. 1990 Government wins the
general election offset by mass abstentions.